We have designed a very large survey which used to activate under Version 3.15.9. Now, with Version 3.16.0, we are getting this error:

The survey response table could not be created. Usually this is caused by having too many (sub-)questions in your survey. Please try removing questions from your survey.

Was there any change between 3.15.9 and 3.16.0? I did not see anything in release notes.

What kind of change note would you expect? The amount of data hitting the limit of the database table is not influenced by one factor. Till LimeSurvey is offering a better database structure, this issue can occur.

The error message is stating a possible reason ("Usually this is caused by having too many (sub-)questions in your survey."), but you cannot be 100% sure.

You might try to export and import survey. Same issue? If yes, try to remember the last modifications and revert them in a copy of the survey.