I tried it on my web host as well as XAMPP either way the same error message. Now i changed E-Mail für Rückläufer (bounce mail) and i get a different error message:
going to the smtp address manually it is no problem to login with the same credentials.
At the moment it is working with php and the bounce mail set but regarding to a lot of comments it is very likely for the mails to get into the SPAM-Filter. Any chance to change to smtp?