I'm pretty good at web server administration but I still don't see how I could point a url to a subdomain and have the URL activate a survey on that sub-domain unless LS is installed on that sub-domain.
Unless. . . you are saying subdomain.mytlddomain.com points to a URL in mytlddomain.com - is that what you are suggesting?
Via different configurations on the webserver you can point a subdomain to any other URL you want.
you can point your subdomain survey1.yourdomain.tld to the actual survey URL yourdomain.tld/index.php/599791. Or redirect it.
Because the important part is that it is easy for your respondents to type in the URL, the rest doesn't matter much. They either don't even notice the redirect or the mostly don't care.
Important is that you make it as easy as possible for them to type the URL and then to type the token.
Help us to help you!
Provide your LS version and where it is installed (own server, uni/employer, SaaS hosting, etc.).
Always provide a LSS file (not LSQ or LSG).
Note: I answer at this forum in my spare time, I'm not a LimeSurvey GmbH employee.