We plan to implement a data collection system for an archeological excavation. we have a limited amount of users and want to register data attributes for gravesites etc.
And I wonder if we could use LimeSurvey with a special template ...

Well, first you would need to explain a little bit, what you need. Because generally I would say yes, but I am not too familiar with archeological excavation and the needs for data entry in this case.

So explain a little bit what kind of data you will have and how they will be registered, what are the question types, etc.

You can create your own template, so this should be fine.

Thank you for your answer.
The requirements for the question/answer types should fit. As I can see, it concerns more the following requirements:
a) set of users who register/document several arch. findings (not one single "questionnaire" per user)
b) a dataset can be edited and changed in some attributes (by the same user or another user)
c) list-values for some questions should be configurable (text
d) can data be persisted in a (relational) database?
G.

Please refer to the manual.

a) Tokens with multiple "Uses left" - www.limesurvey.org/manual/Tokens#Editing.2Fadding_a_token

b) Editing and deleting responses - www.limesurvey.org/manual/Browsing_surve...d_deleting_responses

c) Question types - www.limesurvey.org/manual/Question_types

d) Not sure what this point is. Of course, LimeSurvey data is stored in a database.